Manufacture of modified products



Patented Oct. 13, 1942 MANUFACTURE OF MODIFIED PRODUCTS FROM FATTY OILS, ETC.

Laszl Auer, East Orange, N. .1.

No Drawing. Application March 14,

7 No. 383,339. In Hungary May 19,

1941, Serial 20 Claims. '(Cl. 2 60- 407) This invention relates to the production of modified production of modified products from such materials as fatty oils, fatty acids, esters of fatty acids, waxes and natural and synthetic resins, for example.

In my prior applications'more fully identified hereinafter, I have described processes for modifying the properties of organic isocolloids, such as fatty oils, resins, etc., particularly their physical properties such as viscosity, melting point, etc., as well as other properties of these isocolloids. As stated in those applications, the modified organic isocolloids obtained by the processes described therein, are useful for various purposes; the modified products so obtained from.

fatty oils, resins, etc., being useful and advantageous in making varnishes, lacquers and other liquid and plastic compositions, and in making other useful products, as described in said applications.

The present application, which is a continuation-in-part of my copending prior applications as more fully set forth hereinafter, is directed to certain of the processes described in said prior applications.

This application is a continuation-in-part of a my copending prior application Serial No. 446,170, filed April 21, 1930. That application is, in turn,

a continuation in-partof my application Serial No. 143,786, filed October 23, 1926 (Patent 2,189,772) and of the various continuations thereof previously filed by me, particularly Serial No. 359,425, filed April 30, 1929 (Patent 2,213,944). Said Serial No. 143,786 is the parent application of these several prior applications.

The said parent application Serial No. 143,786 and the several continuations thereof, together with the patents which have issued upon the same, are set forth in the following Table A:

Table A Serial No. Filed Patent No. Issued 143,786 Oct. 23, 1926 2,189,772 Feb. 13,1940 273,159 Apr. 26, 1928 1,985,230 Dec. 25,1934 273, 160 Apr. 26, 1928 1, 985, 231 Dec. 25, 1934 359,424 Apr. 30,1929 2,007,958 July 16, 1935 359,425 Apr. 30, 1929 2,213,944 Sept. 10,1940 359,426 Apr. 30, 1929 1,980,366 Nov. 13,1934 359,427 Apr, 30,1929 1, 9 May 8, 1934 446,170 Apr. 21,1930 2, 234,949 Mar. 18,1941 446, 171 Apr. 21, 1930 1, 980, 387 Nov. 13, 1934 446,172 Apr. 21,1930 2,213, 943 Sept. 10,1940 446, 174 Apr. 21,1930 2, 180, 342 Nov. 21, 1939 466, 587 July 8, 1930 2, 106, 708 Feb 1, 1938 188,014 Jan. 31,1938 2, 244, 606 June 10,1941 236, 800 Oct. 24, 1938 2, 234, 545 Mar 1941 305, 409 Nov. 20, 1939 2, 293, 038 Aug 18, 1942 318,650 Feb. 12,1940 356,103 Sept. 9, 1940 In my prior applications, listed ante, I have disclosed various methods of modifying organic isocolloid materials using many different modicolloid products that are wherein the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium of the colloidal system thereof are both of the same chemical composition but in a different physical or colloidal state. That is, such organic isocolloids are mixtures of chemically similar organic compounds wherein one or more of those compounds are dispersed or dissolved in the others which serve as the dispersion medium of these isocolloid systems.

Also, in my said prior applications I have given various illustrative examples of modifying agents that are useful in my processes of modifying organic isocolloid materials. As disclosed in those applications, I have found that by dispersing or dissolving such modifying agents in the organic isocolloid materials, I obtain modified products having altered physical properties, etc, which are useful for various purposes in the commercial or industrial arts. As there disclosed, the modifying agents are employed-in minor amounts and are inorganic or organic compounds that contain ions, radicals or residues which are capable of influencing or causing modifications of the organic isocolloid substances.

These modifying agents are polar compounds, such as salts of organic and inorganic acids, organic and inorganic acids, me-

tallic derivatives of inorganic compounds etc., as

disclosed in my Serial No. 143,786. Also, as disclosed in my Serial No. 359,425 (Patent 2,213,944)

tion of one or more hydrogen atoms or by the' addition of one or more molecules of water, and/or by the action of elevated temperatures into an inorganic acid (including carbonic acid as inorganic), leaving the organic residue behind. It' will be seen from the above definition and from the illustrative compounds disclosed in my Ser. No. 359,425, that this generic class of modifying agents includes such compounds as (1) organic halogen derivatives, (2) organic sulfonic acids and their halides and salts, including esters thereof, (3) esters of inorganic acids and (4) inorganic salts of organic bases. Many examples illustrative of each of these classes are given in my said Ser. No. 359,425 (Patent 2,213,944). Some of the modifying agents specifically disclosed in that application are illustrative of other electrolytes or classes of modifying agents that are useful in my processes. That is, they contain a plurality of constituents, groups or radicals which impart polarity to such compounds. For instance, among the specific eiramples of modifying agents therein disclosed are:

Organic sulphonic acids and their halides and esters, e. g.:

Sodium 2 6 8 naphthylaminedisulphonate, Sodium 2:6:8 naphtholdisulphonate, Sodium 1 :8 3 :6 aminonaphtholdisulphonate, Sodium 1:5 naphtholsulphonate,

. Sodium 2:3:6 naphtholdisulphonate,

Sodium 2:6 naphtho lsulphonate, Sodium 2:6 naphthylaminesulphonate, Sodium 2:1 naphthylaminesulphonate, 2-phenylamino-B-naphthol-G-sulphonic acid, Beta-naphthylamine 3:6:8 trisulphonic acid,

Beta-naphtha! 3:6:8 trisulphonic acid, Beta-naphthol 1:5 disulphonic acid, Naphthalene 2:6 disulphonic acid, Naphthalene 1 sulphonyl chloride, Alpha-naphthyl sulphamic acid,

mxylidine sulphonic acid;

Benzene sulphonic acid, p-Toluene sulphquic acid, p-Toluene sulphonyl chloride,

Sulpho salicylic acid,

p-Toluidine m-sulphonic acid, Benzenesulphonyl chloride, 2:5 dichlor benzene sulphonic acid, Methyl p-toluene suiphonate, Aminosalicyli'c acid, Ethyl chlorsulphonate.

Esters of inorganic acids, e. g.: Dimethylsulphate,' w

Triphenyl or tricresyl phosphate, Nitrocresol carbonates.

Inorganic salts of organic bases, e. g.:

m-Nitroaniline hydrochloride, Diaminodiphenylaminmsulphate, Amino-azo-benzene sulphate. Diphenylamine sulphate, Diphenylamine hydrochloride, Diphenylamine hydrobromide, Diphenylamine trichloracetate, Trichloraniline hydrochloride.

Further examples are: i

o-Nitrophenol, p-Nitrophenol, p-Nitro acetanilide, Dinitroaniline,

Fluoresceine, Eosin, Thiocarbanilide, V Diamino-diphenyl sulphide, Diphenyl sulphone.

agents; In that application, in addition to the amine compounds disclosed in my prior Ser. No. 359,425 (Patent 2,213,944), I disclosed examples of other amine compounds that are useful as modifying agents in such processes. As stated in said Ser. No. 446,170, certain classes of amine compounds areadvantageous in modifying fatty oils, resins and'like organic isocolloids. Many specific, illustrative examples of such amine compounds are given in that application, includingthe following compounds:

Benzidine,

p-Phenylendiamine,

Beta-naphthylamine,

Dianisidine,

pp-piamino-diphenylmethane,

pp-Diaminodiphenylamine,

pp-Diaminobenzophenone,

pp-Diaminodiphenyl ether,

pp-Diaminodiphenyl sulphide,

Thioaniline,

pp-Diaminodiphenylurea,

pp-Diaminodiphenylthiourea,

m-Phenylenediamine,

,Alpha-naphthylamine',

Michlers ketone,

Michlerfs hydrol,

Benzylethylanilinesulphonic acid,

Safranine,

1:4-diaminoanthraquinone,

o-Phenylenediamine, I

Diaminodihydroiryanthraquinonedisulphcnic acids,

Diaminotetrahydroxyanthraquinonedisulphonic acids,

p-Tolylenediamine,

p-Diaminodimethylcarba le,

Eurhodine,

Diaminodiphenazine,

Diaminofuchsonimine,

Phthalamide.

those which are advantageous in modifying fatty oils, resins and like organic isocolloids. In practicing this invention, various types of amine compounds may be employed.

Among the applications referred to herein of which the present application is a continuationin-part, particular reference is made to Ser. Nos. 446,170; 359,425' (patent 2,213,944);- 318,650; and 356,103. g I In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that such modifying agents as contain a condensed ring system in their molecule have particular additional advantages in treating organic isocolloids'tof the kind described. The condensed ring system may consist of carbon atoms only, or of carbon atoms and one or more ox'ygenor nitrogen or sulphur atoms, as particularly described below. Examples of such modifying agents are:

Condensed ring systems in which only carbon atoms form the rings:

Naphthalene tetrachloride, Sodium 2 z 6 8 naphthylaminedisulphonate, Sodium 2 :6 :8 naphtholdisulphonate, Sodium l :8: 3 :6 aminonaphtholdisulphonate, Sodium 1:5 naphtholsulphonate, 1 Sodium 2 3 :6 naphtholdisulphonate, Sodium 2:6 naphtholsulphonate, Sodium 2 :6 naphthylaminesulphonate, Sodium 2:1 n'aphthylaminesulphonate, 2- phenylamino 8 naphthol 6 sulphonic acid, Beta-naphthylamine 3 6:8 trisulphonic' acid, Beta-naphthol 3:6:8 tr'isulphonic acid, Beta-naphthol 1:3 disulphonic acid, Naphthalene 2:6 disulphonic acid, Naphthalene 1 sulphonyl chloride, Alpha-naphthyl sulphamic acid, 1:4-diaminoanthraquinone, Diaminodihydroxyanthraquinonedisulphonic acids, Diaminotetrahydroxyanthraquinonedisulphonic acids, Pinenehydrochloride.

Examples of a condensed ring where oxygen is present in the ring besides carbon atoms:

Fluoresceine,

Eosin. Compounds where nitrogen forms a part of the condensed ring system besides carbon atoms:

Safranine, p-Diaminodimethylcarbazole, Eurhodine, Diaminodiphenazine.

With regard to the raw materials which can be used in the methods of the present invention, I may mention the following:

Fatty oils of vegetable and animal origin, includmugs drying, semi-drying and non-drying fatty o (a) Vegetable oils:

1. Drying oils Linseed oil Tung oil Semi-drying Poppyseed oil Sunflower oil Soya bean oil Pine seed oil 3. Non-drying Cottonseed oil Corn oil Olive oil Castor oil Rapeseed oil (b) Marine-animal oils Fish oil (semi-dryi g) (c) Thickened oil Linseed stand oil Fatty acids of drying, semi-drying and non-drying fatty oils, advantageously those of drying oils.

Esters of such fatty acids, including esters thereof with polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerol, glycols, etc., or with monohydric alcohols of high molecular weight; artificial oils, waxes and resins particularly those containing esters of acids of drying fatty oils. v

and in coating compositions.

made from or containing the acids of fatty oils,

and of natural resins and their derivatives such as esters of said acids with glycerine or other polyhydric alcohols, namely ester gum (g1y-- cerol rosinates) rosin-modified or drying alkyd resins and like complex synthetic esters of such acids, particularly those containing esters of the acids of drying fatty oils.

The above organic isocolloidal materials may be used with advantage in the present invention to obtain various modified products useful as Excellent varnish bases can be readily obtained from the drying fatty oils and resins.

When applying the two step methods that are described in my application Ser. No. 356,103 of September 9, 1940, I can prepare blended mixtures of a modified oil and a modified resin, by

using a fatty oil in one step and a resin in the other step. Likewise, blended mixtures of two different types of modified resins or of modified fatty oils can be readily obtained in like manner, using one resin or oil in the first step and another and different oil or resin in the second step and mixing the products.

Also I may use in the present invention other organic isocolloid materials than those mentioned above to obtain modified organic isocolloid products useful as and in coating compositions. Of these isocolloid materials, the following are typical:

Mineral oilfractions, of high molecular weight and of high boiling point, containing substantial amounts, of naphthenic bodies and other unsaturated compounds, such as high boiling fractions of naphthenic oils obtained by distillation or cracking or both, and high boiling naphthenic mineral oil fractions obtained by solvent extraction of mineral oils.

Goudrons or petroleum distillation residuesl Asphalt and asphalt oils;

Tar and tar oils.

Pitches.

Rubber and rubber-like hydrocarbons (synthetic rubbers).

Chemically pure organic isocolloid bodies or materials, such as styrene.

The above organic'isocolloid materials are complex hydrocarbon mixtures containing unsaturated carbon compounds, namely compounds containing one or'more double bonds or points of unsaturation. They may be used with advantage in the present invention. By usingsuch organic isocolloid materials in the present invention, I obtain modified isocolloid products that are useful as and in coating compositions, particularly plastic compositions.

Many different modified isocolloid products can be obtained from various combinations of organic isocolloid materials mentioned above by using my modifying agents according to the present invention, and a wide variety of products useful in the manufacture of varnishes, linoleum,

sufilcient in most-cases to produce the desired modification. As stated in Ser. No. 446,170, gen-' ,erally 1 to per cent of the modifyin agent shouldbe added. But in certain cases satisfactory results may be obtained with less than 1 per cent ofthe modifyingagent. For instance, many varnishes and other compositions containing my modified oils and resins and only a fraction of a per cent of a modifying agent of the condensed ring class, have improved and advantageous properties. And in some cases the percentage of modifying agent may be asdow as 0.01 per cent forproducing such improved compositions or final products. On the'other hand, in other embodiments of this invention 1 may employ more than 10 per cent of the modifying agent; sometimes as high as 30 per cent. This is advantageous in m greatly modified prod nets and in some cases from 10 to 30 per cent of the modifying agent, usually to per cent, may be used. The greatly modified products so obtained are themselves useful as m' agents 'for other organic isocolloids or for more of the same isocolloid, as disclosed in my app cations Ser.-Nos. 356,103. and 446,172 (Patent 2313,9343) Thus the modified products obtained by the present invention may contain from 0.01

to per cent of a condensed ring compound as the modifying agent.

The use of greatly modified isocolloids as modifying agents is described in Ser. Nos. 446,172 (Patent 2,213,943) and 356,103. If 5% of a great- 1y modified isocolloid fatty oil; for instance, is added to parts of an untreated fatty oil, and

the greatly modified product itself had 5% concentration of a certain modifying agent, the concentration of the modify g agent in the final oil product will be .25%.V In case a varnish is made out of this oil by the addition of equal parts of resin compounds to the oil, the concentration of the modifying agent figured on the 011 plus resin system, will be as low as As disclosed in my Ser. No. 446,170 (and other prior applications), I prefer to add the modifying agent to the starting material in a dry form, (without the presence of water):

In making my modified isocolloid products by the present invention, I employ an amount of a condensed ring compound within the ranges 8b en ante and incorporate the condensed ring compound thoroughly in the organic isocolloid to be modified.

The effectiveness of the modifyin a ent is appreciablygreater when it is applied in the col- 'loidal condition, for example by dispersion in the starting-material by means of some form of In order to insure complete dissolution or dispersion of the modifying agent in the organic isocolloid, the operation of dissolving or dispersing it, should be carried out under the applicatioii of heat. That is, it is advantageous to heat the mixture of organic isocolloid and modityin agent as disclosed in my prior applications. The degree of heat necessary depends upon the nature of the substance under treatment and also upon the modifying agent that is used.

Generally the temperatures employed are sufficient to produce a uniform homogeneous modified product with the particular mixture employed. As stated in my Ser.-No. 143,786, the

temperatures giving the best results are those considerably above room temperature and below the boiling point of the materials employed, and the organic isocolloid-(startin g material) and the modifying agent may be melted together, that is, ,fused into a homogeneous composition.

In general. as disclosed in my prior applica-v tions Ser. Nos. 359,425; 318,650; and 446,170, temperatures from 100 to 300 C. give satisfactory resultsin most cases.

Only occasionally are temperatures above 300 C. necessary to produce satisfactory results. In such cases, higher temperatures may be employed, say as high as 350 C. if necessary. But generally it is desirable to use lower temperatures and this is possible in most cases.

In the case of fatty oils and synthetic resins e. g'. which are liquid at room temperature, the modifying agent can be incorporated by a simple mixing. When the condensed ring compound is directly soluble in suchliquid starting materials, the mixing and modification can be effected at room temperature. That is, in some cases, the starting material and modifying agent and are sufilcient to fuse or melt the mixture into a uniform homogeneous modified product. As

stated above, temperatures between 100 and 300 C. are advantageous in mostcases and are us-' ually employed in my present processes. How

ever, other suitable temperatures may be employed. As stated in my Ser. No. 143,786, the

complete dispersion, molecular or colloidal, of

. the modifying agent in the organic isocolloid material to be treated and modified is important in my processes.

The heat treatment promotes the complete (molecular or colloidal) dissolution of the modi' tying agent in the substance to be treated. It also facilitates the desired modification. And in some cases it is desirable to continue the heat treatment after the dissolution or dispersion of the modifying agent is substantially complete. In this way further modification of the isocolloid can be obtained, as disclosed in my prior applications. 1

In those -cases where the concentration of the disperse phase of the isocolloid system is high enough, the isocolloid may be melted together with the modifying agent until the melt forms 'aclear homogeneous mass after cooling. In

75 to obtain a desired effect by heating the reaction mass for a longer period to a; higher temperature, it is possible to prepare theproduct containing the dissolved modifying agent as a first step. and execute the necessary heating process at a later occasion, i. e. in a second step.

The products of the reaction vary in the case of any one definite starting material according irradiation with short-wave oscillating energy,

ultraviolet rays, X-rays, etc.

As mentioned in my prior application Ser. No.

. 359,425, the modifying process may be acceler-- ated, not only by radiations but also by making the mixturepf starting-material and electrolyte part of an electric circuit.

Likewise, I have found that the presence of air or other gases alters somewhat the results obtained. For instance, the products obtained by heating in the presence of air are somewhat different from those obtained when the mixture is heated in contact with other gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, etc., or mixtures of such gases. Rarefication of the gases present in the reaction chamber by the reduction in pressure often tends to intensify their action in my processes.

In my present processes, I may employ a gas treatment in conjunction with the modifying action of the condensed ring compounds. The gas treatment may be carried out by blowing the gas through the reaction mixture or simply by passing it over the mass contained in the reaction chamber. For this purpose I may employ active or inert gases. In doing so, I find that CO2, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and S02 are advantageous. Further, the gas mayv be produced in situ in the reaction mass by using substances which under the conditions of the reaction develop' the desired gas, such, for instance, as carbonates, sulphides, sulphates and the like, all of which develop corresponding gases in the reaction mass.

Also, if desired the modifying agent may be produced in situ within the mass under treatment.

A small amount, generally not more than 5% of the weight of the starting material, of secondary purely organic metal-free reagents such as aldehydes, phenols, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarthe modifying agent i bons, etc., may be added with favorable results.

It is further possible to use the above described reagents, i. e., the condensed ring compounds, in

combination with any modifying agent described in any one of the above mentioned specifications, e. g. with organic or inorganic acids, with salts, with organo-metallic compounds, with compounds comprising within the molecule an acidic inorganic residue and an organic residue (disclosed in my applications Ser. Nos. 359,425 and 318,650), with amino compounds.

As stated in applications listed above, the application of an electric potential'within the reaction mass influences the reaction favorably.

I have further discovered that the dissolution of the modifying agents in the starting-materials may be appreciably facilitated by the addition of certain auxiliary agents or sensitisers." These fall into 'two groups, namely, the purely inorganic (e. g., silica gel, fullers earth), and the purely organic, e. g.:

The specific examples of auxiliary agentshere mentioned are to be taken as typical of the substances which have been successfully used for this purpose and not as comprising all the effective substances. It should be mentioned that some electrolytes, and quite a number of the new modifying agents disclosed in the present specification, act as auxiliary agents (sensitisers) when used in conjunction with other modifying agents.

The advantages of a rapid dissolution of the modifying agent are greatest in those cases where a clear, pale or colorless product is desired, especially, for example, for the varnish industry. This is also important in the manufacture of oil products for the rubber industry.

Placticisers may be added to the starting-materials, or they may be added during or after the process of modification, in order to obtain a softer final product. These plasticisers may be purely organic (e. guglycerol, phenol) or partly organic and partly inorganic (e. g. tricresyl-phosphate).

The uses of the products obtained according to my invention are various, and many of their uses are described in the above mentioned earlier applications. If the reagents used in the reaction are themselves only very slightly soluble in water, most of the oil and resin products give varnishes that have very satisfactory water-resisting properties.

During most of the modification processes described above, the iodine value of the starting material decreases and in the-case of fatty oils the saponification value often also decreases and in certain cases the acid value also decreases.

When the modifying agent contains free acid radicals or yields acid on the action of heat, slight increase in acid value and saponification value may also be observed. In most of the cases such increase, however, is of a temporary nature, and longer heating may counteract same.

Products obtained by processes described in the present application may be advantageously vulcanized and used in the vulcanized condition in the rubber trade, especially as rubber substitutes made from modified oil products ob tained according to the present process, or in the varnish trade as varnish raw materials, e. g.,

'tobenzthiazole, and/or activators, e. g., zinc oxide. If desired, pigments and/or fillers may be added at any convenient stage.

modified oil or resin products before vulcanizapassing a gas through the pulverized prod proved accordingly.

combinations of vulcanized and unvulcanized oil products and resin products may be used. For instance, a resin product may be vulcanized and I used with an unvulcanized oil product; a vulcanized oil product may be used with an unvulcanized resin product; a mixture of an oil product and a resin product'may be vulcanized together, 10 or a solution of such a mixture in a suitable sol-. vent may be treated with a vulcanizing agent; For the vulcanization sulphur, sulphur chloride or other reagents for introduction of sulphur may be used; with sulphur chloride vu'lcanization occurs in the cold, and this reagent is also suitable for the vulcanization of solutions of the; oil-products or resin-products. The injurious; action of free hydrogen chloride evolved when sulphur chloride is used must be prevented by go addition of neutralizing agents or other suitable means. For instance an inorganic oxide or hydroxide, e. g., calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide,

or an organic amine may be mixed into the tion. Or such neutralising agents may be added to the vulcanizing agent prior to'its use. In some the addition of the neutralizing agent. In such cases also the above mentioned agents may be used or the addition of an unsaturated organic substance such as turpentine oil may be found advantageous. The injurious effects of the free hydrogen chloride may also be prevented by t or through its solution iii a suitable solvent ther alone or admixed with or saturated with the vapors of volatile basic substances such as ammonia or trimethylamine or with volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons. 40

Accelerators, such as:

Tetramethylthiuram disulphide,

Heptaldehydeaniline,

Mercaptobenzthiazole; Antioxidants, such as:

p-Aminophenol,

Hydroquinone, and 5 Compounds obtained by condensing alpha and beta naphttwlamines or mixtures of these 5 bodies with aldehydes (see Patent 1,777,352)

may be added 11 desired. Such additions are included in my prior specification as purely organic bodies. Activators such as zinc oxide may also be added. o

The vulcanized products are valuable for varnishes and lacquers, giving films which are veryelastic, fast to weathering, and suitable for stoving. After stoving they exhibit a high degree of resilience and hardness. The character of the varnishes and lacquers may be varied by varying the temperature ofsvulcanization, the proportion of sulphur, the nature and quantity of accelerator and activator, and further by the addition of fillers; e. g. when gas black is applied as. a filler the ageing properties of the varnish films are im-:

' The condensed ring compounds mentioned herein are alsosuitable modifying agents to be used in the process" described in my application v Ser. No. 359,424 (Patent 2,007,958), wherein in the first instance organic isocolloids are modified or partly modified by treatment with modifying agents and thereafter further transformation is 7 effected by' emulsificatio'n or dispersion in an aqueous medium with or without the aid of emulsifying or dispersing agents and/or protective colloids. According to the present invention, condensed ring compounds can be used as modifying agents in the first step of this process. Also the products obtained according to the present invention may be subjected to further treatment in the form of aqueous emulsions as in my applications Ser: Nos. 359,424 (Patent 2,007,958) and 361,000 (2,083,549). Condensed ring compounds are also satisfactory modifying agents to be used in the process described in my Ser. No. 359,424 (Patent 2,007,958), wherein the starting material is first emulsified in an aqueous medium and thereafter the emulsion is treated with a small amount of condensed ring compound.

The following examples are given to illustrate the invention specifically. It is to be understood that the invention is, not restricted to these examples.

, Erample 1 (from Ser. No. 446,170)

300 parts of linseed oil are treated under vac- 25 uum, in a closed kettle, with 20 parts of alphajnaphthylamine. The reaction mass is heated to cases the no on a be eflected prior to 280-300 C. and held at that temperature for 5 hours. Th roduct is a very viscous liquid, having modified properties, useful in making varnishes and other protective coatings.

Example 2 (from Ser. No. 446,170)

fying agent of other isocollolds, being itself a greatly modified product.

It may be melted, cooked, or fused with other oils or resins to form useful coating compositions and other products, useful in the arts.

Example 3 (from Ser. No. 318,650)

parts of rapeseed oil and 5 parts of sodium naphthalene monosulphonate are heated in a vacuum for two hours to 300-350 C; The modified oil product is used as bodied oil in the coating arts.

Example 4 (from Ser. No. 318,650)

This example illustrates the use of the acid, in lieu of the salt thereof, in the procedure of Ex-' ample 3, as set forth also in Ser. Nol143,786.

To 100 parts of rapeseed oil are added 5 parts of naphthalene sulphonic acid and the mixture is heated in a vacuum for two hours to 300 C. The product is useful in coating compositions. As rapeseed oil is a non-drying oil, the products of Examples 3 and'4 are primarily suitable in formulating lacquers and form suitable plasticizers in many kinds of lacquer coatings or plastics. When vulcanized with sulphur; they form rubber compounding ingredients, useful in the arts.

In Examples 3 and 4, instead of heating tlfe mixture under vacuum, 1. e. under reduced pres-' sure, the mixture may be heated under increased pressurev (above atmospheric pressure) or at atmospheric pressure, as also disclosed in Ser. No.

condensed ring compounds may be used in the above examples. Some of them are illustrated in the examples further below.

Example 100 parts of linseed oil and 5 parts of naph thalene 2:6 disulphonic acid were heated to a glass lined vacuum autoclave, which had a glass protected agitator as part of the equipment. The reagent was added when the temperature of the oil reached 130-140 C. Because of frothing, the heating was temporarily suspended. The temperature dropped to 90 C., when the remainder of the reagent was added. The kettle was closed and vacuum and heat were applied again, There was occasional frothing while the temperature was rising to 130 C. After this temperature was reached, no further trouble occurred. The temperature was increased to 290-300 C. in '2 hours and the mixture was kept'at this temperature for 4. hours.

The heat was then turned off, and the mass was allowed to stand overnight and was reheated next morning for another 2% hours to the reaction temperature of 290-300? C. The product was cooled to 100 C. and poured into containers. A very viscous mass resulted which was useful as a varnish base and as an intermediate for vulcanized oil products, to be used in rubber mixes. During the heating the vacuum was maintained at 20-24", and too strong distillation was prevented by corresponding lowering of the vacuum.

Example 6 300 parts of rosin and 15 parts of beta-naphthol 3:6:8 .trisulphonic acid were heated in an open kettle for 5 hours to 280300 C. It took minutes to reach this reaction temperature. The color darkened during the reaction. The mass did not froth. Some of the reagent retill mained undissolved. The product yielded a i hard, brittle dark brown solid, useful as varnish base.

Emmple 7 Example 6 was repeated under vacuum of 0-28". The temperature was kept at 280-310 C. for 5 hours.

properties of the resulting resin were similar to the product of Example 6.

Example 8 300 parts of linseed oil and 15 parts of 1:4 diamino anthraquinone were heated under vacuum in 20 minutes to 290 C. and kept for 5 hours between 290 and 310 C. The modifying agent.

' anthraqinone, l-amino anthraquinone, 2-amino anthraquinone, the various isomeric diaminodihydroxyanthraquinone-disulphonic acids, the diaminotetradroxyanthraquinone disulphonic acids, anthraquinone alpha-sulphonic acid, an-

T-he color of the product was lighter than the product of Example 6. The

was maintained between 15 and 26 inches.

Example '9 300 parts of linseed oil, and 15 parts of safra-y nine were heated under vacuum in 20 minutes to 285 C. Temperature was maintained between 290 and 310 C. for 5 hours. Frothing occurred at C. and subsided at 210 C., after which gentle boiling set in. The modifying agent dissolved between 100 and 200 0., darkening the color of the-oil. The reaction product was a viscous dark oil, useful in coating compositions, etc.

Example 10 300 parts of linseed oil and 15 parts of alphanaphthylamine were treated according to the process described in Example 9. The vacuum The product is a soft, brown, pasty solid. -When beta-naphthylamine was used in this example instead of the aipha-naphthylamine, the product had a green fluorescence and resulted in a thick brown oil.

Example 11 300 parts of linseed stand oil (heat bodied linseed oil) and 15 parts of naphthalene-i-sulphochloride were heated according to the process of Example 9. The product was then transferred into a varnishkettle and parts of limehardened rosin was added. The oil and resin were heated to 210 C., cooled and thinned, with mineral spirits. Cobalt naphthenate drier was added, in the proportion of .03% cobalt metal to 100 parts of oil. The resulting-varnish dried, when brushed out on metal in 30 hours to a print-free stage.

When the H-salt was used as the modifying agent in Example 11, the varnish dried in 10 hours, and when beta-naphthol 3:6:8 trisulphonic acid was used the varnish dried in 7 g hours. Pinene hydrochloride yielded a varnish,

which became print-free after 8 hours.- Zinc oxide paints made out of the last mentioned. varnishes. dried between 6 to 8 hours to a printfree stage, i. e. completely through.

Example 12 The froth subsides at 200 C. and some gas ev0- lution occurs. After one hour at 300 C. the oil begins to thicken and after four hours heating at this temperature it is almost solid in the kettle;

Continuing the heating the product begins to melt again and after five hours of total heat at Example 13 Example 12 was repeated in an open kettle at atmospheric pressure, using linseed oil as raw material. After five hours heating between 290 and 300 C. a brown, elastic jelly was obtained with a strong green fluorescence.

In Examples 12 and 13 many other modifying agents may be used. Beta-naphthol 3:6:8 sulphonic acid and H-salt yield fast-drying varnishes. Beta-oxynaphthoic acid, L-salt' and beta-naphfihol 1:5 disulphonic acid yield light colored products. Other examples are Tobias acid, Broenners acid, amino-2, 3:6:8 trisulphonic acid, amido-G-salt, G-salt, amongst others.

Example 14 Whereas, profound changes in physical properties of fatty oils need modifying agents in quantities or 1% or over, gradual changes of properties such as bodying velocity of oils may be influenced with smaller proportions of modifvins agent than 1%. To demonstrate this fact a series of experiments have been carried out with linseed oil adding up to 200 parts of oil to one part of modifying agent. heated at atmospheric pressure in open containers to 295 to 305 C. and kept at that temperature for flve hours. A blank experiment was carried out with linseed oil alone without any modifying reagent. 'I'he resulting oils were checked for viscosity and color. Further, a standard testing varnish formula was prepared from all of the oils as follows: 2 parts of oil product and 1 part of ester-gum were heated to 300 C. and kept at that temperaturefor one hour. The mixture was cooled to 200 C. and thinned with 3 parts of mineral spirits to 50% solids, Naphthenate driers were added in the proportion of .03% cobalt metal, .02% manganese metai and .30% lead metal based on the quantity of oils film. The boiling water test was carried out by immersing the films into boiling water for minutes and comparing the results. The degree of milkiness and softness of films was observed, together with the speed with which the milky films returned to their original appearance on air d ying. W

The alkali resistance was testedin 3% sodium hydroxide solution, by immersing thespanels into same and noting the time when the alkali completely attacked and dissolved .the films. All immersion tests were made in'such a way'that -V2 01 the panels remained unimmersed for com- The mixture was.

parative purposes. The results of the observations are summarized in the attached table;

Color Viscosity. Color of Viscosit Reagent oloil. I oloil varnish of v 1 None 1 13 4 13 Oxyquinoline sulphate..." 7 l6 2 l6 .Aip ha-nitrcso-beta-napht 01 9 l2 l2 9 Fluorescein 5 l0 9 15 Anthraquinone betaFsulphonic acid l0 7 l3 6 Naphthol-1-3:8 disulphonic 4 16 5 12 Nephthyl amine 1-sulphon 'ic acid-4 3 14 3 14 16 6 ll 7 Z-amino anthraquino 13 3 14 4 1-naphthylamine-3:6:8 suipho acid Q 12 11 1 1o Bets chloro anthrs uinone 11 2 8 2 Nitro-anthraquinone 16 1 l6 3 l-aminoanthrsquincne. l4 4 15- 1 Anthrshydroquinone diacetate 2 8 7 8 N aphthslene tetrachloride. 6 9 l0 5 N aphthalene-bets-sulphonyl chloride 8 5 6 K 11 Drying 1 properties of varnish 001a 3 water n8 Alkali resistance Reagent 0verresist- (3% alkaline) a! night once as dry tackin freeness None F F F B 6 hrs. 15 mills. Oxgqtueinoline sul- B 8 F F Overnight. a. A pha-nitroso-beta- F F F a F 6 hrs.

naphthol. Fluorescein VG VG VG VG Overnight. Anthraquinone VG VG F, B De.

bctige-sulphonic Naphthold-318 d i- F G G G 3 hrs. 15 mins.

sulphonic acid.

Naphthylamine l G F F B 4 hrs. 16 mins.

sulphonic acid-4.

Amino-G-aeid VG VG G G 6 hrs. 15 mins.

Z-emino anthraqui- VG VG F B 6 hrs. 15 mins.

none.

l-naphthylamine- VG VG G G Overnight.

3:6:8 sulpho acid.

Beta-chloro-anthra- F VG G VG 6 hrs.

q none.

Nitro-snthraqui- G G G Y VG Overnight.

none.

i-aminosnthraqui- G G VG VG 0 v e r n i g h t none. e (best).

Anthrahydroqui- VG VG F VG 3 hrs non cetate.

Na hthelene tetra- VG VG G F i 3 hrs.

0 loride.

Naphthalene beta- G G G F 7 hrs.

sulphonyl chloride- "Agnglvrsriona-Vkvery good; G=good; Fwr; B=elow;

Kan-In comparing colors #1 is the lightest of the series and #16 is tlfie darkest. In comparing viscosities #1 is heaviest and #16 thinnest 0 se es.

Norm-The oils having viscosity numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 gelled during preparation and the order relates to the stillness or the gelled oil. In making the varnish the gel liquefied. I

Example 15 C terials from fatty oils, the improved processwhich comprises mixing parts of a fatty oilanaemic 9 with not more than 10 parts of an organic cyclic 10. The process or claim 1 wherein the fatty compound containing a condensed ring system oil to be modified is a member of the class of in the molecule and capable oi modifying the drying and semi-drying oils.

physical properties of the oil, and thoroughly 11. The process of claim 1 wherein the oil to dispersing said condensed ring compound 5 be modified is linseed oil.

throughout the oil, thereby modifying its proper- 12. The process of claim 1, wherein the conties in forming coating compositions. densed ring compound contains at least three 2. The procms of claim 1, wherein the disper-- rings. sion of the condensed ring compound is facili- 13. The process of claim 1, wherein the contated by heating the mixture to temperatures exdensed ring compound contains at least one hyceedi ng 100 C. p droiw-substituent or a hydrogen ato'm.

3. The process 01 claim-1 wherein the disper- I 4- T Proc s f c m wh r i th nsion of the condensed ring compound is iacilidensed ring compound contains at least one tated by heating the mixture to temperatures besulpho-substituent of a hydrogen atom. tween 250 and 300 15. The. process of claim 1, wherein the con- C. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the condensed ring compound contains at least one amidensed ring compound contains at least one suhino-substituent of a hydrogen atom. stituent of a. hydrogen atom. 16. The process of claim 1, wherein the con- 5 The process or claim 1 wherein the condensed ring system is a substituted anthradensed ring compound is an anthracene deriva- 'qu n ini 84216851? one h xr-m tive. 17. The process of claim 1, wherein the con- 6. The process of claim 1. wherein the condensed ring system is a substituted anthradensed ring compound is a substituted anthraquinone containing at least one sulpho-radical.

- 18. The process of claim 1, wherein the conquinone.

'l. The process oi claim 1, wherein the condens d rin Sys e 15 a Substituted anthradensed ring compound is an anthraquinone comquinone containing at least one amino radical. pound containing at least one snbstituent or a T e pr ces 01 c ai 1. w ein e tty hydrogen atom.- oil to be modifled'is a drying oil.

8. The process or claim 1, wherein th con- 20. The process of claim 1, wherein the iatty densed ring compound is an inorganic radical oil to he modified is a semi-drying oil.

substituted anthraquinone.

9. The process oi claim 1 wherein the con- LASZL VE a n th s compound is a naphthalene derivacmgr'FicmE 0F CORRECTION. Batent- No. 2, 298,915. I I V October" 15, l9|. .2. LASZLO AUER. 1

It uis hereby'qer tified thaf error appears the printed specificafiioh of the above numbgred, patent requiring 'correction as foilows z Page 1, fir st;

colu mn, lihe 2, trike out' "modified prodmiction ofhp'age 6, firat'col'umn lin'e 3, for "noy v read -new page'i, first cdlumn, line 1-2, fqr "to-a."

read --in a line "711,, for "diaminqteti'adroagyarithraqulnohg" read di aminote tfahydroixyqnthraquinone--; and that-the said, Lettqrs Patent should v be rad with $1113" correctipn therein thgt the same may ponioz'm t'o th rec- 0rd ofithe ,q ase in the Patent Office.- 4

Signed and sealed this 22nd day off Decmber, 'A. D. 1 9L;2.

Y Henry Vin Ar sda1e,.- I s e1) Acting Commissioner of Pate nts'. 

